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2 Sheets-sheet 1.

'0. A. WATKINS. Brush Making Machinery.

No. 229,289. Patented June 29, 1880.

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. 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. G. A.1WIATKINS.

. BrushMaking Machinery. No;'-"229,2 89. Patented June 29, 1880.

W J I T UNITED STATES PATENT ,OFFICE.

CHARLES A. WATKINS, OF GREEKSTREET, SOHO SQUARE, ENGLAND.

BRUSH-MAKING MACHINERY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 229,289, dated June 29, 1880.

Application filed December 18, 1879.

brush manufacturers,) of Greek Street, Soho Square, in the county of Middlesex, England, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Brush-Making Machinery, of which 1 the following is a full, clear, and exact de-v scription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference. marked thereon.

Figure l is an elevation of a machine constructed and arranged in accordance with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the ferrule-holder. Figs. 3, 4c, and 5 are plan Views indicating various forms of handles which may be secured in brushes in accordance with my improvements. Fig. 6 is an elevation of aconical ferrule; and Fig. 7 is a perspective view indicating an oval handle, which may constitute a part of a brush. Fig. 8 is an elevation of a cylindrical ferrule. Fig. 9 is a section upon line at w of Fig. 4. Fig. 10 is: a sectional view, showing the position of the plunger over the assembled parts of the cylindrical or oval brush made ready to receive the ferrule. Fig. 11 is a similar view, indicating the adaptation of the invention to use in connection with the flat brush.

Like letters of reference, wherever they occur, indicate corresponding parts. in all the figures.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple and efficient means for forcing the ferrule upon bristle-brushes, particularly upon a kind of brush of my own manufacture wherein the bristles are first bound upon a' central peg, and have their butt ends abutting against a block attached to and forming a part of the handle, which style of brushes forms the subject of a separate application for patent filed herewith; and the invention consists in certain new and useful combinations or arrangements of parts, all of which will be hereinafter first fully described, and then pointed out in the claims.

'Upon round and oval brush-handles the bristles are bound upon the central peg, A, by use of an improved winding-machine or otherwise, their butt-ends resting upon the block 13, and after being so bound it is desirable to of the sectional holder.

Patented in England June 19, 1879.

force the ferrule O, of proper shape and size, down over the block B, and covering the binding wires or cords.

If the ferrule G be made of thin metal, fine wire, string, or similar material, it is necessary to protect it while being forced upon the bristies, and for this purpose I employ a ferruleholder, O, which is a flanged socket, and which should be turned inside, to nearly fit the forrule, whatever may be the size and shape of having a horizontal flange at bottom, and supporting a corresponding flange upon the top The band is somewhat larger than the divided holder, so that the two parts may be slightly separated from each other within the space limited by the band. The set-screw 0 passes through the continuous band B, and bears against one of the sections of the holder when sufficiently screwed in. By simply turning the screw 0 the size of the opening between the sections may be adjusted or regulated at pleasure, so that they will fit snugly around the ferrule when in place, thus accommodating ferrules which vary slightly in size.

The ferrule and inverted brush are pushed into the holder, as in 'Fig. 10, as far as they will conveniently go, and the ferrule forced home by reason of the pressure on the block B, which is most con veniently applied by means of a small screw-press, substantially like that shown in Fig. 1.

The bed-plate D of this press is made with a slot, E, through its entirethickness for such distance as will allow the brush to be placed centrally with respect to the screw S. The holder and brush are slid into position over this slot E, between the guides F F, fixed to the bed-plate.

Attached to the press-screw Sis a forked plunger, G, sufficiently long to escape thebrushlog handle H and allow its two ends to press upon the washer, which is usually used to cover and protect the face of the block B.

The handle H may be placed uppermost, so

large wire, not requiring protection, the holder need not be used, but the ferrule made to rest upon a plate which slides between the guides F F, and has a hole in its center the same size and shape as the inside of the ferrule, and which will allow the bristles to pass through it.

Distemper and whitewash brushes-those,

having either one, two, three, or more knots of bristles or fiber to each brush on a fiat handle-have hitherto been made by tyingor winding wire or string around each knot separately saw-cuts being made in the handle for two, three, or more knots, as indicated in Figs. 4: and 5, to allow the wire to be wound on the portion of the handle occupied by the knot. I make these brushes by using ferrules in place of the wire tie or binding, and force these ferrules upon the knot or knots of bristles and handle while they are held 011 the bed of 1 the screw-press already described.

The handle, such as above referred to, is placed in a clamp or holder, (shown in Figs. 4 and 9,) leaving a space for the handle between its sides, and formed of a thick metal plate bent as shown in the drawings. The sides terminate in rectangular pieces R It, intended to rest on the bed of the press, Fig. 1, and slide between the guides F F. The distance from the flanges B R to the bottom of the clamp on which the small end of the handle rests is such that the blade of the brushhandle stands about an inch above the flanges, on which there are stops to keep the handle in position.

The ferruleholder of this brush is made to hold two or more ferrules side by side in the position they are to occupy on the brush. The knots of bristles being tied up and cemented areplaced in the ferrules, which are then inserted in the holder with their root ends projecting about one and a half to two inches. Each knot of bristles is equally divided and opened by a long knife passed through them all, and the bristles are placed on each side of the blade of the brushhaudle. The roots are brought down upon the flanges R R, and the whole clamp, brush, and ferruleholder slid under the forked plunger, which, by being screwed down, forces the ferrules down until they nearly touch the flanges R It, perfectly securing the bristles to the bandle, to which the ferrules are then pinned.

The two pins X X, projecting from the flanges R It, pass through corresponding holes in the ferrule-holder, and act as guides therefor.

Brushes with one, two, three, or four knots to each merely require ferrule-holders capable of holding the corresponding number of ferrules; and the brushes may be made in the reverse manner to that describedviz., by placing the ferrule-holder and bristles in the bed-plate and attaching the handle-clamp to the forked plunger of the press.

For the oval brushes an oval ferrule is required, and the ferrule-holder should be of corresponding shape. The bristles of the oval brush are tied in place the same as in round brushes.

Theimproved press and holder might be employed in forcing the ferrules upon any form of brush, whether made in accordance with my before-mentioned separate invention or not. By its use the ferrules are quickly and easily adjusted to their proper positions, and this without danger of damage thereto, as in the ordinary processes of locating them. With the thin ferrules the presses will be of considerable advantage; and generally their simplicity and durability will recommend them for adoption for the purposes and objects for which intended.

The difficulties or disadvantages in former styles of machines intended to be overcome hereby are chiefly inaccuracy of forcing the ferrules, inability to produce a sufficient pressure thereon without rupturing them, and the unhandy manipulations required in working the various forms of presses. The hollow follower mounted conveniently over the improved bed-plate whereon the brush and its holder are conveniently and securely held, as well as accurately adjusted, affords a simple and efflcient means of overcoming these several disadvantages, and the construction is such as to permit a ready withdrawal and detachment'of the brush after the forcing is completed, leaving the machine ready to operate upon a new brush.

I am aware that the hollow follower is in itself not new, and am also aware that ferrule-forcing machines of various forms have heretofore been constructed. I therefore make no claim to such, except as in the connections hereinbefore set forth.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. 111 a machine for making brushes, the combination, with the ferrule-holder, of the adjustable follower, made hollow and adapted to fit over or encompass the brush-handle, substantially as and for the purposes explained.

2. The herein-described machine for making brushes, the same consisting of the ferrule-holder, its supporting-block, the adjustable screw-threaded hollow follower, and the sustaining-frame, all combined and arranged have hereunto set my hand and affixed my to operate substantially in the manner shown seal in the presence of two witnesses. and described.

3. The herein described holder, having CHAS WATKINS 5 flanges R R and suitable stops, as and for the Witnesses:

purposes set forth. THOMAS EDWARDS, In testimon; that I claim the foregoing I HERBERT REES. 

